charles ii proclamation regarding the royal african company’s monopoly

His opponents often portrayed him as an absolutist tyrant. After his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France, where he spent the rest of his life in exile at Saint-Germain, protected by Louis XIV. James landed in Ireland on 14 March 1689 in an attempt to recover his kingdoms but, despite a simultaneous rising in Scotland, in April a Scottish Convention followed that of England, both finding that James had 'forfeited' the throne and offered it to William and Mary. In February 1689, a special Convention Parliament held that the king had 'vacated' the English throne and installed William and Mary as joint monarchs, thereby establishing the principle that sovereignty derived from Parliament, not birth. Leading members of the English political class invited William of Orange to assume the English throne after he landed in Brixham on 5 November 1688, James's army deserted, and he went into exile in France on 23 December.

The anti-Catholic riots in England and Scotland that ensued led to a general feeling that only his removal from the throne could prevent a civil war. The second was the prosecution of the Seven Bishops for seditious libel this was viewed as an assault on the Church of England and their acquittal on 30 June destroyed his political authority in England. In June 1688, two events turned dissent into a crisis the first, on 10 June, was the birth of James's son and heir James Francis Edward, which raised the prospect of initiating a Roman Catholic dynasty and excluding his Anglican daughter Mary and her Protestant husband William III of Orange. When James attempted to impose them by decree, this was met with opposition thus it was a political principle, rather than a religious one, that ultimately led to his removal. Tolerance for his personal Catholicism did not extend to tolerance towards Catholicism in general, and the English and Scottish Parliaments refused to pass his measures. James inherited the thrones of England, Ireland, and Scotland from his brother with widespread support in all three countries, largely because the principles of eligibility based on divine right and birth were widely accepted. His deposition ended a century of political and civil strife by confirming the primacy of Parliament over the Crown. His reign is now remembered primarily for struggles over religious tolerance, however, it also involved struggles over the principles of absolutism and the divine right of kings. He was the last Catholic monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

James II and VII (14 October 1633 O.S. – 16 September 1701 ) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685.

Charles ii proclamation regarding the royal african company’s monopoly